NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 10 Exponents and Powers

 

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 10 Exponents and Powers

Exercise 10.1 

1. Evaluate:

(i) 3-2 (ii) (-4)-2 (iii) (1/2)-5  

Solution:

(i) 3-2 = (1/3)2

= 1/9

(ii) (-4)-2 = (1/-4)2

= 1/16

(iii) (1/2)-5 = (2/1)5

= 25

= 32

2.  Simplify and express the result in power notation with a positive exponent:

(i) (-4)4 ÷(-4)8   

(ii) (1/23)2  

(iii) -(3)4×(5/3)4 

(iv) (3-7÷3-10)×3-5  

(v) 2-3×(-7)-3

Solution:

(i)

= (-4)5/(-4)8

= (-4)5-8

= 1/(-4)3

(ii) (1/23)2  

= 12/(23)2

= 1/23×2 = 1/26

(iii) -(3)4×(5/3)4 

= (-1)4×34×(54/34 )

= 3(4-4)×54

= 30×54 = 54

(iv) 

=   (3-7/3-10)× 3-5

= 3-7 – (-10) × 3-5

= 3(-7+10)×3-5

= 33×3-5

= 3(3+-5)

= 3-2

=1/32

(v) 2-3×(-7) – 3

= (2×-7)-3

(Because am×bm = (ab)m)

= 1/(2×-7)3

= 1/(-14)3

3. Find the value of:

(i) (30+4-1)×22

(ii) (2-1×4-1)÷2 – 2

(iii) (1/2)-2+(1/3)-2+(1/4)-2

(iv) (3-1+4-1+5-1)0

(v) {(-2/3)-2}2

Solution:

(i)(30+4– 1)×22 = (1+(1/4))×22

= ((4+1)/4 )×22

= (5/4)×22

= (5/22)×22

= 5×2(2-2)

= 5×20

= 5×1 = 5

(ii)(2-1×4-1)÷2-2

= [(1/2)×(1/4)] ÷(1/4)

= (1/2×1/22 )÷ 1/4

= 1/23÷1/4

= (1/8)×(4)

= 1/2

(iii) (1/2)-2+(1/3)-2+(1/4)-2

= (2-1)-2+(3-1)-2+(4-1)-2

= 2(-1×-2)+3(-1×-2)+4(-1×-2)

= 22+32+42

= 4+9+16

=29

(iv) (3-1+4-1+5-1)0

= 1

(v) {(-2/3)-2}2 = (-2/3)-2×2

= (-2/3)-4

= (-3/2)4

= 81/16

4. Evaluate:

(i) (8-1×53)/2-4

(ii) (5-1×2-2)×6-1 

 

Solution:

(i) (8-1×53)/2-4

=

= 2×125 = 250

(ii) (5-1×2-2)×6-1 

= (1/10)×1/6

= 1/60

5. Find the value of m for which 5m ÷ 5-3 = 55

Solution:

5m ÷ 5-3 = 55

5(m-(-3) ) = 55

5m+3 =55

Comparing exponents on both sides, we get

m+3 = 5

m = 5-3

m = 2

6. Evaluate:

(i) 

(ii) 

Solution:

(i)

= 3-4

= -1

(ii)

=

=

 =

=  512/125

7. Simplify the following:

(i)     

(ii) 

Solution:

(i)

=
 =

(ii)

=

=

=
 =

= 1×1×3125

= 3125

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Exercise 10.2 

1. Express the following numbers in standard form.

(i) 0.0000000000085

(ii) 0.00000000000942

(iii) 6020000000000000

(iv) 0.00000000837

(v) 31860000000

Solution:

(i) 0.0000000000085 = 0.0000000000085×(1012/1012) = 8.5 ×10-12

(ii) 0.00000000000942 = 0.00000000000942×(1012/1012) = 9.42×10-12

(iii) 6020000000000000 = 6020000000000000×(1015/1015) = 6.02×1015

(iv) 0.00000000837 = 0.00000000837×(109/109) = 8.37×10-9

(v) 31860000000 = 31860000000×(1010/1010) = 3.186×1010

2. Express the following numbers in the usual form.

(i) 3.02×10-6

(ii) 4.5×104

(iii) 3×10-8

(iv) 1.0001×109

(v) 5.8×1012

(vi) 3.61492×106

Solution:

(i) 3.02×10-6 = 3.02/106 = 0 .00000302

(ii) 4.5×104 = 4.5×10000 = 45000

(iii) 3×10-8 = 3/108 = 0.00000003

(iv) 1.0001×109 = 1000100000

(v) 5.8×1012 = 5.8×1000000000000 = 5800000000000

(vi) 3.61492×106 = 3.61492×1000000 = 3614920

3. Express the number appearing in the following statements in standard form.

(i) 1 micron is equal to 1/1000000 m.
(ii) Charge of an electron is 0.000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 16 coulomb.
(iii) Size of bacteria is 0.0000005 m
(iv)  Size of a plant cell is 0.00001275 m
(v) Thickness of a thick paper is 0.07 mm

 

Solution:

(i) 1 micron = 1/1000000

= 1/106

= 1×10-6

(ii) Charge of an electron is 0.00000000000000000016 coulombs

= 0.00000000000000000016×1019/1019

= 1.6×10-19 coulomb

(iii) Size of bacteria = 0.0000005

=  5/10000000 = 5/107 = 5×10-7 m

(iv) Size of a plant cell is 0.00001275 m

= 0.00001275×105/105

= 1.275×10-5m

(v) Thickness of a thick paper = 0.07 mm

0.07 mm = 7/100 mm = 7/102 = 7×10-2 mm

4. In a stack, there are 5 books, each having a thickness of 20 mm and 5 paper sheets, each having a thickness of 0.016 mm. What is the total thickness of the stack?

 

Solution:

Thickness of one book = 20 mm

Thickness of 5 books = 20×5 = 100 mm

Thickness of one paper = 0.016 mm

Thickness of 5 papers = 0.016×5 = 0.08 mm

Total thickness of a stack = 100+0.08 = 100.08 mm

= 100.08×102/102 mm

mm